Some of these viruses cause serious disease in immunocompromised hosts, and other respiratory viruses are also recognized as causes of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. Viruses that cause these infections include influenza viruses (types A and B), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), coronavirus, adenovirus (ADV), and bocavirus. The seasonality of infection varies from virus to virus, and infectious diseases can occur throughout the year. They have become a crucial factor in respiratory diseases affecting all ages, especially in children ≤ 5 years of age and adults with weakened immune systems. Respiratory viruses are the most frequent cause of disease in humans and have a significant impact on hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Respiratory tract infections are disorders that develop in the lungs or other parts of the respiratory system and can cause various symptoms ranging from a common cold to pneumonia. Furthermore, we expect that the portable PCR device can significantly reduce the processing procedure of clinical samples before testing, which is the main disadvantage of common RT-PCR tests and can help reduce costs. This study demonstrated that rapid and accurate detection results can be obtained using the multiplex rRT-PCR based POC test, and that it is possible to detect 14 types of respiratory viruses that are generally difficult to distinguish at the same time, enabling timely treatment.
An experiment using nasopharyngeal swab samples was conducted to understand the field applicability of the rRT-PCR assay. Amplicons were synthesized using primer pairs and probe sets designed for each target virus, and a standard curve was constructed to confirm the limit of detection. Detection ability of RT-PCR assay was confirmed by applying it to a portable device capable of point-of-care testing (POCT). In response, a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses 1–4 (PIV1-4), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is mainly used for respiratory virus detection owing to its high sensitivity and reproducibility.
There are several types of respiratory viruses that invade the human respiratory tract and cause infectious disease. It results in a high mortality rate in infants and the elderly with weak immunity. Over the past 6 years, acute respiratory infections have constituted an average of more than 70,000 cases in South Korea.
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